Iran–Israel October 2024 exchange (Operation True Promise 2)

On October 1, 2024, Iran launched its second large-scale direct missile attack on Israel, firing roughly 180–200 ballistic missiles in two waves in an operation dubbed "True Promise 2." Iran framed it as retaliation for the assassinations of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh (in Tehran, July 2024) and Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah.

Israel vowed to respond. On October 26, 2024, Israel carried out strikes on Iranian military facilities. After that, the direct exchange de-escalated — but there was no formal ceasefire agreement, no written text, and no mediator brokered a deal. Both sides simply stood down, each claiming deterrence had been restored.

This entry is tagged expired rather than "holding" or "violated" because there was never a formal agreement to hold or break — only a mutual, unspoken de-escalation that eventually gave way to the far larger June 2025 Twelve-Day War (see that entry). Status as of July 2026.

No formal agreement was reached — this was a tit-for-tat exchange that de-escalated through mutual deterrence, not a negotiated ceasefire. The 'terms' field is therefore intentionally minimal.